English: The process of combining two or more genes into a single transgenic plant, and the traits themselves are called stacked traits. For example, a stack could be a plant with two or more genes that enable the production of two or more different Bt proteins or a plant having a gene for herbicide tolerance and one…

The ability of a plant, particularly a weed, to spread beyond its presently established site, and become established in new locations. (FAO, 2001)

Said of a group of individuals that possess the same genotype, irrespective of their being homozygous or heterozygous. (FAO, 2001)

An organism which is affected by a treatment (e.g. pesticide application) for which it was not the intended recipient. (FAO, 2001)

A mating system characterized by the inter-breeding of genetically unrelated or dissimilar individuals. Since genetic diversity tends to be enhanced, and vigour or fitness of individuals increased by this process, it is often used to counter the detrimental effects of continuous inbreeding. (FAO, 2001)

Observable actions and measures, prescribed by the regulatory authority, which must be effectively and consistently performed by the manager of the confined field trial, to ensure that the GE plant does not escape from the field trial site or become established in the environment. An example of a specific performance standard would be the establishment…

The visible appearance of an individual (with respect to one or more traits) which reflects the reaction of a given genotype with a given environment. (FAO, 2001)

A short DNA sequence, usually upstream of (5′ to) the relevant coding sequence, to which RNA polymerase binds before initiating transcription. This binding aligns the RNA polymerase so that transcription will initiate at a specific site. The nucleotide sequence of the promoter determines the nature of the enzyme that attaches to it and the rate…

A gene whose expression allows the identification of a specific trait or gene in an organism. (FAO, 2001)

An isolated gene sequence used to transform an organism. Often, but not always, the transgene has been derived from a different species than that of the recipient.  (FAO, 2001)